-in 1867 following French conquest of Formosa (French Daughter Republics > Formosan Republic) some French guy sees way Chinese people make steel by blowing air, brings technique home

-and this is immediately refined for mass production, and this allows for mass production across the world

-improvement with addition of spiegeleisen in 1871

-and additional change to process to remove phosphorus by lining basin with limestone in 1893, during French Wars > Fifth French War (1890-5)

-1880s, 1890s see rise of steel mass production for rail and later buildings